Imposter Phenomenon
Imposter phenomenon is common in medical students (Henning et al., 1998). Most medical students are accustomed to being at the top of their class in undergraduate school. In medical school, all of the students are top students, and this can lead some to question where exactly they stand. If you were accepted into medical school, then you earned it and belong to be there. But you may still be doubting yourself despite this achievement.
Imposter Phenomenon, commonly referred to as 'imposter syndrome,' was developed by psychologists Clance and Imes in 1978. Many have come to refer to it as 'imposter syndrome' however it is not a true 'syndrome' and not the term the original authors prefer.
Imposter Phenomenon can be identified in behaviors such as over-preparation, procrastination, shame, excessive feelings of worry, and worry over being a top-performer and perfectionist.
One study reported as high as 87% of incoming medical students experienced imposter phenomenon (Rosenthal et al., 2021).
About Perfectionism
Perfectionism is a common trait of Imposter Phenomenon. While striving for perfection can often be positive because it can help you stay motivated and focused on achieving goals, extreme perfectionism, or maladaptive perfectionism, can be linked to negative emotions.
Perfectionism has been described as being either adaptive or maladaptive (Enns et al., 2001).
Adaptive perfectionism is considered to be positive because while you are striving to achieve your goals, you are also still flexible and are able to pivot when needed.
Maladaptive perfectionism is considered to be negative because it is based on a fear of failure rather than a strive for success, making it difficult to pivot. It is also connected to internal reasons for fearing failure such as "I am not good enough."
Therefore, it is important to know the difference between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, and and to be mindful that having high standards and setting goals is necessary for success, however self-criticism for not achieving absolute perfection can be harmful.
Strategies for Managing Imposter Phenomenon
Managing Imposter Phenomenon (IP) can vary, especially depending on the severity of the symptoms. If you are experiencing stress, anxiety, and an imbalance of self-care associated with IP, then following the SMART Framework will be helpful for you, especially with a focus on Right Mind.
However, if the symptoms of IP are disruptive and leading to psychological distress such as anxiety attacks, panic attacks, and/or suicidal ideation, then engaging with a therapeutic counselor would be necessary.
